{"id":5882,"date":"2023-11-21T01:46:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T01:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=5882"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:44:13","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:44:13","slug":"inspection-and-discard-criteria-of-wire-ropes","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/inspection-and-discard-criteria-of-wire-ropes\/","title":{"rendered":"Krit\u00e9ria kontroly a vy\u0159azen\u00ed ocelov\u00fdch lan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e1 ocelov\u00e1 lana jsou b\u011bhem provozu vystavena zna\u010dn\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a proto po celou dobu sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti trp\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fdm mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami selh\u00e1n\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana jsou nadm\u011brn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed a koroze, nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a kontrola a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu zastar\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdm\u011bnu.<\/p>\r\n<p>Proto by ocelov\u00e1 lana m\u011bla b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1na a udr\u017eov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm person\u00e1lem, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee jsou v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m stavu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kontrola m\u016f\u017ee zajistit vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon, dlouhou \u017eivotnost, bezpe\u010dnost person\u00e1lu a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\r\n<h3>1. Denn\u00ed kontroly (vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dodr\u017een alespo\u0148 zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd pracovn\u00ed \u00fasek lana pro dan\u00fd den s c\u00edlem zjistit jak\u00e9koli celkov\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed nebo mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. To zahrnuje body p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00ed lana k je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Inspection-of-Wire-Ropes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"724\" height=\"775\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5883\"><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Lano mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zkontrolov\u00e1no, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b sed\u00ed na bubnu a na kladce (\u0159emenici) a nebylo posunuto ze sv\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed polohy.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jak\u00e1koli znateln\u00e1 zm\u011bna stavu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hl\u00e1\u0161ena a lano zkontrolov\u00e1no kompetentn\u00ed osobou v souladu s pravideln\u00fdmi kontrolami.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pokud se kdykoli zm\u011bn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed lanov\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e byl je\u0159\u00e1b p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn na nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto a znovu namontov\u00e1n, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt lano podrobeno vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrole, jak je pops\u00e1no v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u0158idi\u010d\/obsluha je\u0159\u00e1bu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pov\u011b\u0159en prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm denn\u00edch kontrol v rozsahu, v jak\u00e9m je \u0159idi\u010d\/obsluha dostate\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00fd a pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kompetentn\u00ed k proveden\u00ed tohoto \u00fakonu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>2.Pravideln\u00e9 kontroly<\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>2.1 Obecn\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Pravideln\u00e9 kontroly prov\u00e1d\u00ed kompetentn\u00ed osoba.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Informace z\u00edskan\u00e9 z periodick\u00e9 kontroly maj\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako pomoc p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 lano <span style=\"color: #000000;\">m\u016f\u017ee bezpe\u010dn\u011b z\u016fstat v provozu a do kdy se podrob\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed periodick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddce, nebo <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">je t\u0159eba okam\u017eit\u011b nebo ve stanoven\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b st\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pomoc\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 metody hodnocen\u00ed, tj. vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a\/nebo m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm nebo pomoc\u00ed MRT, se z\u00e1va\u017enost zhor\u0161en\u00ed posoud\u00ed a vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed bu\u010f v procentech (nap\u0159. 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % nebo 100 %) konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch jednotliv\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro vy\u0159azen\u00ed nebo slovy (nap\u0159. \u201eM\u00edrn\u00e9\u201c, \u201eSt\u0159edn\u00ed\u201c, \u201eVysok\u00e9\u201c, \u201eVelmi vysok\u00e9\u201c nebo \u201eVy\u0159adit\u201c).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jak\u00e9koli po\u0161kozen\u00ed, ke kter\u00e9mu mohlo doj\u00edt na lan\u011b p\u0159ed jeho zab\u011bhnut\u00edm a uveden\u00edm do provozu, posoud\u00ed kompetentn\u00ed osoba a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se zaznamen\u00e1.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce je uveden seznam typ\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed ocelov\u00fdch lan p\u0159i kontrole a zda lze ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich snadno kvantifikovat nebo je t\u0159eba subjektivn\u011b posoudit kompetentn\u00ed osobou.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Zp\u016fsob zhor\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Metoda hodnocen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Po\u010det viditeln\u00fdch p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1hodn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bny, lokalizovan\u00fdch seskupen\u00ed, p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u017elab\u00ed a t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou na nebo v bl\u00edzkosti zakon\u010den\u00ed)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Ztr\u00e1ta kovov\u00e9 plochy zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdmi dr\u00e1ty<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed, MRT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bru lana (v d\u016fsledku vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho opot\u0159eben\u00ed\/od\u011bru, vnit\u0159n\u00edho opot\u0159eben\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed j\u00e1dra)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">M\u011b\u0159en\u00edm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Ztr\u00e1ta kovov\u00e9 plochy zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 jin\u00fdm mechanismem ne\u017e p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdmi dr\u00e1ty, nap\u0159. koroz\u00ed, opot\u0159eben\u00edm atd.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed, MRT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Zlomenina pramene (pramen\u016f)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Koroze (vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a od\u011brky)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed, MRT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Deformace<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u011b a m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm (pouze vlna)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 59.2924%;\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed teplem (v\u010detn\u011b elektrick\u00e9ho oblouku)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.7076%;\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p><strong>2.2 \u010cetnost pravideln\u00fdch kontrol<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Frekvenci pravideln\u00fdch kontrol ur\u010d\u00ed kompetentn\u00ed osoba, kter\u00e1 vezme v \u00favahu alespo\u0148 toto:<br \/>\r\na) z\u00e1konn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se na aplikaci v zemi pou\u017eit\u00ed;<br \/>\r\nb) typ je\u0159\u00e1bu a podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch pracuje;<br \/>\r\nc) klasifika\u010dn\u00ed skupina mechanismu;<br \/>\r\nd) v\u00fdsledky p\u0159edchoz\u00edch inspekc\u00ed;<br \/>\r\ne) zku\u0161enosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 p\u0159i kontrol\u00e1ch lan na srovnateln\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1bech;<br \/>\r\nf) dobu, po kterou bylo lano v provozu;<br \/>\r\ng) \u010detnost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed;<br \/>\r\nh) doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdrobce je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">POZN\u00c1MKA 1: Kompetentn\u00ed osoba m\u016f\u017ee pova\u017eovat za rozumn\u00e9 zah\u00e1jit nebo doporu\u010dit \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed periodick\u00e9 kontroly, ne\u017e vy\u017eaduje legislativa. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bno typem a \u010detnost\u00ed provozu. Tak\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na stavu lana kdykoli a\/nebo na tom, zda do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b okolnost\u00ed, jako je nehoda nebo zm\u011bna provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, m\u016f\u017ee kompetentn\u00ed osoba pova\u017eovat za nutn\u00e9 zkr\u00e1tit nebo doporu\u010dit zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed intervalu mezi periodick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">POZN\u00c1MKA 2: Obecn\u011b se u lana p\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed dr\u00e1ty pozd\u011bji v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivotnosti lana ne\u017e v jeho ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>2.3 Rozsah pravideln\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek ocelov\u00fdch lan<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 lano mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zkontrolov\u00e1no po cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 d\u00e9lce.<\/p>\r\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b velk\u00e9 d\u00e9lky v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed kompetentn\u00ed osoby zkontrolov\u00e1na pouze pracovn\u00ed d\u00e9lka plus nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt ovinut\u00ed na bubnu. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b a tam, kde se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed d\u00e9lka po p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kontrole a p\u0159ed dal\u0161\u00ed kontrolou, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tato dodate\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00e9lka tak\u00e9 zkontrolov\u00e1na p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm dodate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky lana.<\/p>\r\n<p>P\u0159esto je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmu kontroln\u00edmu seznamu kontroly ocelov\u00fdch lan:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>a) ukotven\u00ed bubnu;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>b) jak\u00fdkoli \u00fasek u zakon\u010den\u00ed lana a v jeho bl\u00edzkosti;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>c) jak\u00fdkoli \u00fasek, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed jedn\u00edm nebo v\u00edce kladkami;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>d) jak\u00fdkoli \u00fasek, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed indik\u00e1torem bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00fd obsahuje kladky;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>e) jak\u00fdkoli \u00fasek, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed h\u00e1kov\u00fdm blokem;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>f) v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch opakovanou operaci jak\u00e1koliv \u010d\u00e1st lana, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed nad kladkou, kdy\u017e je je\u0159\u00e1b v zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9m stavu;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>g) ta \u010d\u00e1st lana, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed nad kompenza\u010dn\u00ed kladkou;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>h) jak\u00fdkoli \u00fasek, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed nav\u00edjec\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>i) ty sekce, kter\u00e9 se nav\u00edjej\u00ed na buben, zejm\u00e9na z\u00f3ny k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny s v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdm nav\u00edjen\u00edm;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>j) jak\u00e1koliv sekce, kter\u00e1 je vystavena ot\u011bru vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prvky (nap\u0159. \u010des\u00e1n\u00ed poklop\u016f);<\/li>\r\n\t<li>k) jak\u00e1koliv \u010d\u00e1st lana, kter\u00e1 je vystavena teplu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">POZN\u00c1MKA: Oblasti vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pe\u010dlivou kontrolu viz n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed obr\u00e1zek.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/inspection-of-wire-rope-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"702\" height=\"686\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5884\"><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Inspection-of-Wire-Ropes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"724\" height=\"775\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5883\"><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>2.4 Z\u00e1znam o pravideln\u00e9 kontrole<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Po ka\u017ed\u00e9 periodick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddce dolo\u017e\u00ed kompetentn\u00ed osoba z\u00e1znam o prohl\u00eddce lana a uvede maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd interval, kter\u00fd nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010den do dal\u0161\u00ed periodick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky.<\/p>\r\n<p>P\u0159ednostn\u011b by m\u011bl b\u00fdt udr\u017eov\u00e1n pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1znam.<\/p>\r\n<p>Pros\u00edm o kontroln\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159 ocelov\u00e9ho lana <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ISO-04309-2017.pdf\">st\u00e1hnout ISO4309-2017<\/a> viz p\u0159\u00edloha E.<\/p>\r\n<h3>3.Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady kontroly ocelov\u00fdch lan<\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>3.1 Kontrola po incidentu<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Dojde-li k ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e1 by mohla zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed lana a\/nebo jeho zakon\u010den\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt lano a\/nebo jeho zakon\u010den\u00ed zkontrolov\u00e1no p\u0159i periodick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddce, p\u0159ed op\u011btovn\u00fdm zah\u00e1jen\u00edm prac\u00ed nebo podle po\u017eadavku kompetentn\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">POZN\u00c1MKA: Pokud je pou\u017eit dvojit\u00fd lanov\u00fd zdvihac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, je \u010dasto nutn\u00e9 vym\u011bnit ob\u011b lana, i kdy\u017e pouze jedno dos\u00e1hlo vy\u0159azen\u00ed, proto\u017ee nov\u00e9 lano je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e to zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed a m\u00e1 jinou vlastnost prota\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv ob\u011b na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch lana vypl\u00e1cen\u00fdch z bubnu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>3.2 Kontrola po obdob\u00ed s je\u0159\u00e1bem mimo provoz<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Pokud byl je\u0159\u00e1b mimo provoz d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce, mus\u00ed se lano (lana) p\u0159ed op\u011btovn\u00fdm zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pr\u00e1ce podrobit periodick\u00e9 kontrole, jak je pops\u00e1no v periodick\u00e9 kontrole.<\/p>\r\n<h3>4. Krit\u00e9ria vy\u0159azen\u00ed dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9ho lana<\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>4.1 Viditeln\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9 vodi\u010de<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.1.1Crown-wire-breaks.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1136\" height=\"685\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5896\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Korunn\u00ed dr\u00e1t se p\u0159etrhne<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.1.2-Valley-wire-breaks.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1179\" height=\"701\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5963\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00dadoln\u00ed dr\u00e1t se zlom\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>4.2 Zmen\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bru lana<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.2Local-reduction-in-rope-diameter-sunken-strand.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5964\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">M\u00edstn\u00ed zmen\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bru lana (propadl\u00fd pramen)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>4.3 Zlomenina pramen\u016f<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.3Fracture-of-strands.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"217\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5965\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Pokud dojde k \u00fapln\u00e9mu p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed pramene, lano mus\u00ed b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b zlikvidov\u00e1no.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>4.4 Koroze<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.4.1External-corrosion.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5966\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koroze: Zn\u00e1mky povrchov\u00e9 oxidace, ale lze je ot\u0159\u00edt. <\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Povrch dr\u00e1tu drsn\u00fd na dotek, siln\u011b d\u016flkovan\u00e9 a uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.4.2Enlargement-of-External-corrosion.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"425\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5967\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koroze<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.4.3Internal-corrosion.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"553\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5968\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vnit\u0159n\u00ed koroze: Zjevn\u00e9 viditeln\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky vnit\u0159n\u00ed koroze. <\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">korozn\u00ed \u00falomky vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z \u00fadol\u00ed mezi vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prameny.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>4.5 Deformace a po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/p>\r\n<p>Viditeln\u00e1 deformace lana od jeho norm\u00e1ln\u00edho tvaru je klasifikov\u00e1na jako deformace. Obvykle m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v lan\u011b v oblasti deformace, \u010dasto lokalizovan\u00e9. Deformace a po\u0161kozen\u00ed se mohou projevovat mnoha zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.1-Waviness.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5969\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vlnitost<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.2Basket-deformation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5970\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Deformace ko\u0161e<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Lana s deformac\u00ed ko\u0161e nebo lucerny se okam\u017eit\u011b zlikviduj\u00ed, nebo pokud je zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9lka lana v provozuschopn\u00e9m stavu, posti\u017een\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se odstran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.3.1Core-protrusion-\u2014-Single-layer-rope.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5971\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">V\u00fd\u010dn\u011blek j\u00e1dra \u2014 Jednovrstv\u00e9 lano<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.3.2Protrusion-of-inner-rope-of-rotation-resistant-rope.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"472\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5972\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">V\u00fd\u010dn\u011blek vnit\u0159n\u00edho lana odoln\u00e9ho proti ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.3.3Strand-protrusion-distortion-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5973\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\/ deformace pramene<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.4Protruding-wires-in-loops.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"284\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5974\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fd v\u00fdstupek<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Lana s vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi dr\u00e1ty, kter\u00e1 se obvykle vyskytuj\u00ed ve skupin\u00e1ch na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b lana, ne\u017e je ta, kter\u00e1 je v kontaktu s dr\u00e1\u017ekou kladky, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b vy\u0159azena.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.5Local-increase-in-rope-diameter.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5975\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">M\u00edstn\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bru lana v d\u016fsledku deformace j\u00e1dra<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Pokud se pr\u016fm\u011br lana b\u011bhem provozu zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o 5 % nebo v\u00edce u lana s ocelov\u00fdm j\u00e1drem nebo o 10 % nebo v\u00edce u lana s vl\u00e1knit\u00fdm j\u00e1drem, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prozkoum\u00e1na p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina a zv\u00e1\u017eeno vy\u0159azen\u00ed lana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.6.1Flattened-portion.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5977\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st (1)<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti lana, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed kladkou, se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rychleji opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed <\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, ale v z\u00e1vislosti na rozsahu zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zv\u00e1\u017eeno vy\u0159azen\u00ed lana.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti lana ve standardn\u00ed v\u00fdstroji mohou trp\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm koroze ne\u017e jin\u00e9 neovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, a to v\u00edce, kdy\u017e se vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prameny otev\u0159ou a umo\u017en\u00ed pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti. Jsou-li ponech\u00e1ny v provozu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1ny \u010dast\u011bji; jinak je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit vy\u0159azen\u00ed lana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.6.2Flattened-portion.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5978\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st (2)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.7.1Kink-positive-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"224\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5979\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kink (pozitivn\u00ed)<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Lana se zauzlen\u00edm nebo uta\u017eenou smy\u010dkou mus\u00ed b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b zlikvidov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.7.2-Kink-negative.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"283\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5980\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kink (negativn\u00ed)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.7.3Kink.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"567\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5981\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kink<br \/>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.8Bend-in-rope.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"143\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5982\"><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Ohn\u011bte se v lan\u011b<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u010c\u00e1sti lana se siln\u00fdm ohybem, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed kladkou, se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rychle opot\u0159ebuj\u00ed a vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mus\u00ed b\u00fdt lano okam\u017eit\u011b zlikvidov\u00e1no.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Pokud se stupe\u0148 ohybu nepova\u017euje za z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a lano z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v provozu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt <\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">kontrolov\u00e1ny \u010dast\u011bji; jinak je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit vy\u0159azen\u00ed lana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.5.9Damage-due-to-heat-or-electric-arcing.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"107\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5983\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku tepla nebo elektrick\u00e9ho oblouku<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Lana, kter\u00e1 nejsou norm\u00e1ln\u011b provozov\u00e1na p\u0159i teplot\u011b, ale byla vystavena v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, zven\u010d\u00ed rozpoznateln\u00fdm souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi tepeln\u00fdmi barvami vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi v ocelov\u00fdch dr\u00e1tech a\/nebo z\u0159etelnou ztr\u00e1tou maziva z lana, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b vy\u0159azena.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">Pokud byly lok\u00e1ln\u011b zasa\u017eeny dva nebo v\u00edce vodi\u010d\u016f v d\u016fsledku elektrick\u00e9ho oblouku, kter\u00fd je n\u00e1sledkem <\/span><br \/>\r\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\">nespr\u00e1vn\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00e9 sva\u0159ovac\u00ed kabely, lano zlikvidujte. K tomu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v m\u00edst\u011b, kde proud vstupuje nebo opou\u0161t\u00ed lano.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>Pro specifick\u00e9 normy \u0161rotu r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f ocelov\u00fdch lan pros\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ISO-04309-2017.pdf\">st\u00e1hnout ISO 4309-2017<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Odkaz:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/posts\/maintenance-of-wire-rope-in-the-whole-6-stages\/\">P\u00e9\u010de a \u00fadr\u017eba dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdch lan: 6 v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e1 ocelov\u00e1 lana jsou b\u011bhem provozu vystavena zna\u010dn\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a proto po celou dobu sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti trp\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fdm mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami selh\u00e1n\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho lana jsou nadm\u011brn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed a koroze, nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a kontrola a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu zastar\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdm\u011bnu. [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":5962,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[351],"posts_tag":[7,288,287,290,206,27,289,272,295,291,296,285,284,297,273],"class_list":["post-5882","posts","type-posts","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","posts_category-blog","posts_tag-crane","posts_tag-crane-wire-rope-inspection","posts_tag-crane-wire-ropes","posts_tag-daily-inspections","posts_tag-dgcrane","posts_tag-hoist","posts_tag-inspection-of-wire-rope-slings","posts_tag-inspection-wire-rope-damage-types","posts_tag-iso-4309-discard-criteria","posts_tag-periodic-inspections","posts_tag-steel-wire-rope-discard-criteria","posts_tag-wire-rope-inspection-checklist","posts_tag-wire-rope-inspection-form","posts_tag-wire-rope-scrap-standards","posts_tag-wire-rope-sling-inspection"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/5882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/5882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7904,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/5882\/revisions\/7904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=5882"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=5882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}