{"id":1066,"date":"2014-03-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-03-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/posts\/how-to-promote-the-safe-operation-of-overhead-crane-systems-in-industrial\/"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:44:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:44:52","slug":"how-to-promote-the-safe-operation-of-overhead-crane-systems-in-industrial","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/promote-safe-operation-overhead-crane-systems-industrial\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak podpo\u0159it bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz syst\u00e9m\u016f mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f v pr\u016fmyslu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk\u016f je nast\u00edn\u011bno Americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed strojn\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f (ACME B30.17-1992) k podpo\u0159e bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho provozu syst\u00e9m\u016f mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Instruuje je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edky, aby se i nad\u00e1le soust\u0159edili na bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz sv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee se nikdy nezapoj\u00ed do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 praxe, kter\u00e1 by mohla odv\u00e9st jejich pozornost p\u0159i provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu. N\u011bkter\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na ru\u0161n\u00e9 tov\u00e1rn\u00ed hale s mnoha p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami nebo tam, kde je n\u00edzk\u00e1 viditelnost a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 podn\u011bty.<\/p>\r\n<p>Je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci si mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy pln\u011b v\u011bdomi sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed, aby mohli bezpe\u010dn\u011b a efektivn\u011b obsluhovat stropn\u00ed zvedac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na pokud se jedn\u00e1 o ochranu proti p\u00e1du. Chov\u00e1n\u00ed oper\u00e1tor\u016f nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 ASME zahrnuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f v ru\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, a to i pro oper\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed mal\u00e9 nebo ru\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f.<\/p>\r\n<p>Lid\u00e9 se \u010dasto myln\u011b domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee ru\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly plat\u00ed pouze pro velk\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by, kde obsluha sed\u00ed v kabin\u011b. OSHA a ASME v\u0161ak popisuj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f jako nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st chov\u00e1n\u00ed oper\u00e1tora, kdy\u017e je viditelnost n\u00edzk\u00e1 kv\u016fli v\u00edce faktor\u016fm nebo kdy\u017e pohyb b\u0159emene m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro oper\u00e1tory nebo pracovn\u00edky v bl\u00edzkosti je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/p>\r\n<p><span>V prost\u0159ed\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f existuje mnoho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a mnoh\u00e9 lze zm\u00edrnit eliminac\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nebo integrac\u00ed technick\u00fdch ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch prvk\u016f. OSHA \u00a1\u00af s hierarchi\u00ed kontrol pro obecn\u00e9 stroje a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se mus\u00edme nejprve pokusit eliminovat situaci, nebo zadruh\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt technick\u00e9 kontroly. ale v situac\u00edch, kdy nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nelze eliminovat a technick\u00e9 kontroly nejsou \u00a1\u00af t \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, jsou administrativn\u00ed kontroly mo\u017enou mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3>ADMINISTRATIVN\u00cd KONTROLY<\/h3>\r\n<p><span>Administrativn\u00ed kontroly jsou zalo\u017eeny na my\u0161lence, \u017ee je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci by m\u011bli m\u00edt neust\u00e1le mo\u017enost vid\u011bt pracovn\u00edky a komunikovat s nimi. to je vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak eliminovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, jako je zapleten\u00ed, ke kter\u00e9mu \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e se pohyby pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u00a1\u00af vztahuj\u00ed k pohybu z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee \u00a1\u00af. Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my, jako je p\u0159etahov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo tla\u010den\u00ed, jsou hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, proto\u017ee je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci se obvykle zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na n\u00e1klad a ne na je\u0159\u00e1b \u00a1\u00af se strukturou pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se nad hlavou. Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad je dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd se \u010dasto vyskytuje, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i n\u00edzkou viditelnost nebo nejsou \u00a1\u00af schopni \u0159\u00eddit zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a udr\u017eovat relativn\u00ed polohu bl\u00edzk\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e9 by mohly potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ovlivnit je\u0159\u00e1b.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpadech, jako jsou tyto, ASME doporu\u010duje, aby oper\u00e1to\u0159i reagovali na sign\u00e1ly od kompetentn\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u00fdtah, nebo jmenovan\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed osoby. Nen\u00ed-li p\u0159i provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu vy\u017eadov\u00e1na sign\u00e1ln\u00ed osoba nebo \u0159editel, je obsluha v\u00fdhradn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za v\u00fdtahy a tak\u00e9 za bezpe\u010dnost okoln\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. I tak by v\u0161ichni provozovatel\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u017edy uposlechnout sign\u00e1l k zastaven\u00ed, bez ohledu na to, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 sign\u00e1l v tov\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/p>\r\n<p>Pokud va\u0161e tov\u00e1rna nevy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed signaliz\u00e1tor\u016f nebo dirigent\u016f, m\u016f\u017eete podniknout dal\u0161\u00ed kroky ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed viditelnosti je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk\u016f. Tyto administrativn\u00ed kontroly mohou znamenat rozd\u00edl mezi \u017eivotem a smrt\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v situac\u00edch, kdy je je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk jedin\u00fdm zdrojem viditelnosti p\u0159i ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\r\n<p><span>Jednou z administrativn\u00edch kontrol, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it viditelnost v prost\u0159ed\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f, je ur\u010den\u00ed z\u00f3n pro zam\u011bstnance pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f. Tyto z\u00f3ny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt na zemi nebo pracovn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b vyzna\u010deny tak, aby pracovn\u00edci v\u017edy st\u00e1li na bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a viditeln\u00fdch m\u00edstech. T\u00edm je zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee va\u0161i je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci jsou si v\u017edy v\u011bdomi pozic pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u00a1\u00af.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>Ale v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, kde nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vymezit z\u00f3ny, pracovn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ochranu proti p\u00e1du v bl\u00edzkosti konstrukc\u00ed mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f nebo je potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9mem nebezpe\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1razu na konstrukci, OSHA 1926.1425 jasn\u011b stanov\u00ed, \u017ee je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopni kdykoli komunikovat se v\u0161emi pracovn\u00edky. . Pokud je tov\u00e1rna p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlu\u010dn\u00e1 pro hlasovou komunikaci a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako telefony a r\u00e1dia nejsou sch\u016fdnou mo\u017enost\u00ed, ASME i OSHA doporu\u010duj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat ru\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>TAK\u017dE KDY BYSTE M\u011aLI IMPLEMENTOVAT RU\u010cN\u00cd SIGN\u00c1LY V PROST\u0158ED\u00cd PR\u016eMYSLOV\u00c9HO JE\u0158\u00c1BU?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><span>Pokud oper\u00e1tor \u00a1\u00af nevid\u00ed pracovn\u00edky za sebou nebo za n\u00e1klad, pokud je n\u00e1klad objemn\u00fd nebo nepohodln\u00fd a br\u00e1n\u00ed viditelnosti, nebo pokud se pracovn\u00edci neust\u00e1le pohybuj\u00ed po v\u00fdrobn\u00ed hale, sign\u00e1ly jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 komunikace. Zde \u00a1\u00af \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 OSHA 1926.1425:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span>Je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen neust\u00e1le komunikovat se v\u0161emi pracovn\u00edky<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>Zvuky na pozad\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt omezeny na minimum, aby bylo sly\u0161et hlasy.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>R\u00e1diov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017eito k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 100% komunikace, pokud hlasov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy nejsou sly\u0161et kv\u016fli hluku v pozad\u00ed nebo vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>Signaliz\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u017eadov\u00e1n, pokud nen\u00ed provozn\u00ed bod pln\u011b viditeln\u00fd oper\u00e1torem.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>Jazyk nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt odrazuj\u00edc\u00ed od komunikace. V\u0161ichni pracovn\u00edci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopni plynule mluvit a rozum\u011bt a komunikovat v jednom zvolen\u00e9m jazyce.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>\u00a1\u0159 \u00a1\u00b1 vedouc\u00ed mu\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ur\u010den k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdtahu.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>Vedouc\u00ed je obvykle hlavn\u00ed osobou, kter\u00e1 komunikuje s oper\u00e1torem je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span>ASME uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee sign\u00e1ly mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro oper\u00e1tora pln\u011b rozpoznateln\u00e9 nebo sly\u0161iteln\u00e9. Pokud v\u00e1\u0161 oper\u00e1tor nesly\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00edky v tov\u00e1rn\u011b po celou dobu \u00a1\u00aa, i kdy\u017e je sly\u0161itelnost jen m\u00edrn\u011b omezena \u00a1\u00aa sign\u00e1ly rukou by m\u011bly b\u00fdt implementov\u00e1ny.<\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>JAK M\u016e\u017dETE ZAJISTIT EFEKTIVN\u00cd REALIZACI RU\u010cN\u00cdCH SIGN\u00c1L\u016e?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek ASME uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee sign\u00e1ly rukou mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rozm\u00edst\u011bny viditeln\u011b kolem za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jejich vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bla m\u00edt na starosti kompetentn\u00ed osoba. Kvalifikovan\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edci by m\u011bli b\u00fdt dob\u0159e obezn\u00e1meni se standardn\u00edmi ru\u010dn\u00edmi sign\u00e1ly spolu s osobou, kter\u00e1 sign\u00e1ly d\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo \u0159\u00edd\u00ed b\u0159emeno. Pokud jsou pot\u0159eba speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, lze standardn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly upravit pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed operace. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dohodnuty a pochopeny osobou signalizuj\u00edc\u00ed a oper\u00e1torem. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly by NIKDY nem\u011bly b\u00fdt v rozporu se standardn\u00edmi sign\u00e1ly. Je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk by m\u011bl uposlechnout pouze sign\u00e1l\u016f rukou od kompetentn\u00edho, ur\u010den\u00e9ho ru\u010dn\u00edho signaliz\u00e1tora nebo \u0159editele. Obsluha v\u0161ak mus\u00ed v\u017edy uposlechnout sign\u00e1lu \u201estop\u201c a v\u0161ichni pracovn\u00edci by m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, jak a kdy jej vhodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\r\n<p>Pro va\u0161e pohodl\u00ed jsme zahrnuli popisy standardn\u00edch ru\u010dn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f pro oper\u00e1tory mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f. Sign\u00e1ln\u00ed osoby by m\u011bly v\u017edy nosit vhodn\u00e9 osobn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a sign\u00e1ly rukou by m\u011bly b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny viditeln\u011b n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>VZTY\u010cIT:<br \/>\r\nSe svisl\u00fdm p\u0159edlokt\u00edm a ukazov\u00e1\u010dkem sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm nahoru pohybujte rukou v mal\u00e9m vodorovn\u00e9m kruhu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>DOLN\u00cd:<br \/>\r\nS pa\u017e\u00ed nata\u017eenou dol\u016f a ukazov\u00e1\u010dkem sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm dol\u016f pohybujte rukou v mal\u00e9m vodorovn\u00e9m kruhu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>BRIDGE TRAVEL:<br \/>\r\nS pa\u017e\u00ed nata\u017eenou dop\u0159edu a otev\u0159enou a m\u00edrn\u011b zvednutou rukou prove\u010fte tla\u010dn\u00fd pohyb ve sm\u011bru j\u00edzdy.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>CESTOV\u00c1N\u00cd VOZ\u00cdKEM:<br \/>\r\nS dlan\u00ed nahoru, se zav\u0159en\u00fdmi prsty a palcem nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm ve sm\u011bru pohybu trhn\u011bte rukou vodorovn\u011b.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>STOP:<br \/>\r\nS nata\u017eenou pa\u017e\u00ed a dlan\u00ed dol\u016f pohybujte pa\u017e\u00ed vodorovn\u011b tam a zp\u011bt.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>NOUZOV\u00c9 ZASTAVEN\u00cd:<br \/>\r\nS ob\u011bma pa\u017eemi nata\u017een\u00fdmi a dlan\u011bmi dol\u016f pohybujte pa\u017eemi vodorovn\u011b dop\u0159edu a dozadu.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>V\u00cdCE VOZ\u00cdK\u016e:<br \/>\r\nPodr\u017ete jeden prst pro blok ozna\u010den\u00fd \u201e1\u201c a dva prsty pro blok ozna\u010den\u00fd \u201e2\u201c. N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>POHYBUJ SE POMALU:<br \/>\r\nJednou rukou dejte jak\u00fdkoli pohybov\u00fd sign\u00e1l a druhou ruku polo\u017ete nehybn\u011b p\u0159ed ruku, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 pohybov\u00fd sign\u00e1l. (Jako p\u0159\u00edklad je pomalu zobrazen zdvih\u00e1k.)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>MAGNET JE ODPOJEN\u00dd:<br \/>\r\nJe\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk rozt\u00e1hne ob\u011b ruce od sebe, dlan\u011bmi vzh\u016fru. Nezam\u011b\u0148ujte tento sign\u00e1l se sign\u00e1lem nouzov\u00e9ho zastaven\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/U-Shaped-Double-Girder-Gantry-Crane1-300x228.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"343\" class=\"\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chov\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk\u016f je nast\u00edn\u011bno Americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed strojn\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f (ACME B30.17-1992) k podpo\u0159e bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho provozu syst\u00e9m\u016f mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Instruuje je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edky, aby se i nad\u00e1le soust\u0159edili na bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz sv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu mostov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee se nikdy nezapoj\u00ed do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 praxe, kter\u00e1 by mohla odv\u00e9st jejich pozornost, zat\u00edmco [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":1348,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[351],"posts_tag":[7,41,27,33,6,34],"class_list":["post-1066","posts","type-posts","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","posts_category-blog","posts_tag-crane","posts_tag-crane-posts","posts_tag-hoist","posts_tag-news","posts_tag-overhead-crane","posts_tag-overhead-cranes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/1066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/1066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1349,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/1066\/revisions\/1349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=1066"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcrane.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=1066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}